Blue Zones at Home - The concept of blue zones, areas with high longevity, can be replicated at home. - Focus on controlling EMF radiation, purifying air, using filtered water, and consuming toxin-free vegetables. - In addition to environmental factors, blue zones emphasize daily activity and strong community connections. Transcript: Prashanth Prakash There’s this idea of, can you make at least your home a blue zone? You can’t externally change anything. So it’s usually EMF, you know, some radiations at home. And then there is the air, which can be largely purified if you’re in a very closed environment. And toxins in water and toxins in your vegetables. If you can manage these on a continuous basis in your home, you can at least make a blue zone kind of environment at home. Nikhil Kamath So is that what is working for blue zones? They have these three things going for it? I think they, in addition to that, they define two other important aspects, right? Prashanth Prakash One is how active they are through their daily lives. And second aspect that they emphasize is community, right? And how much of connectedness do they kind

Data-Driven Health - Prioritize data and measurement over blindly following health gurus. - Measure biomarkers to track progress and make informed decisions about your health. Transcript: Bryan Johnson Blueprint.brianjohnson Right. Yeah. Nikhil Kamath Maybe we can talk about what we are taking and get opinions. So each one of you has a theory of what works, right? I can go first. I take vitamin D, omega-3, Chilajit, Ashwagandha. I don’t know what your thoughts are. Would love to know. And magnesium at night. Bryan Johnson Have you measured your omega levels? Nikhil Kamath Can you measure your omega levels? Bryan Johnson Yeah. Prashanth Prakash So we will be… In the US, there’s omega quant that does that. In India? In India, Biopeak will be… Okay. Yeah. Nikhil Kamath So you’re saying constantly measure my levels to take… Exactly. Bryan Johnson I wouldn’t take anything unless you can measure it. Nikhil Kamath Ironically enough, that’s what you were saying as well. Yeah. Yeah. Bryan Johnson I mean, some of the things you can’t measure directly, for example, magnesium, right? Jitendra Chouksey A lot of people rely on blood tests for magnesium, which is not the right way. You should rely on, you know, DEXA for that. So because over a period of time, bodies, homeostasis would leach out magnesium and other minerals from your bones and still maintain your, you know, blood concentration. So sometimes those things can like incorrectly show that you have sufficient magnesium, but might not. Nithin Kamath So how often do you measure? Which one? Bryan Johnson All the blood markers. Blood’s like once every month or two. But yeah, we do thousands of measurements every month across everything, imaging, blood, methylation. Nikhil Kamath What should I measure? Like if I could do only like five tests, what should I measure in my body? Bryan Johnson I mean, the easiest thing to do is blood. Nikhil Kamath Okay. Bryan Johnson And what am I looking for in blood? It depends on how advanced you want to get. You can get very robust, like a hundred panel, a hundred variable panel of blood. You can do very basic of like 12 to 15. So just like take your pick on how advanced you want to become. If you want to become more sophisticated, you could do after that, you could do some epigenetic testing. So you can see your speed of aging or the age of your organs according to DNA methylation patterns. You could do a full body MRI looking for bad stuff like cancer, tumors, but also baselining your organs with the biological age. You can do a microplastics test. We just did that as a company. So you can do a finger prick and see the microplastics in your bloodstream. And then there’s a whole bunch of other, like there’s endless tests. You can do a microbiome test. You can do like a whole bunch of stuff. Nikhil Kamath And if you were to suggest five supplements, I know it’s a generalization, but the average 25-year what are the supplements they should be on most often? Bryan Johnson Yeah, it’s what they’re deficient in. Always start with the deficiencies as the most powerful. Nikhil Kamath Okay, since we have one question. If I were a 25-year trying to start a business in health around testing, supplementation, or anything ancillary, do you see any low-hanging fruits that one should start? Bryan Johnson I mean, so I went through this exercise myself. And I didn’t really want to get into this business. Like, it’s a pain in the ass, low margin, but, like, no one’s done this. So we created, I think, the healthiest food stack in the entire world. So we went through all the evidence. We said, where are high value nutritional foods? We sourced it from all over the world and we do third-party testing and we publish all the lab results. And I know from doing this over the past couple of years that food is guilty until proven innocent. So if we tested this food right here, I bet it’s toxic. I bet it has contaminants in there that we don’t know we’re eating because nobody’s checking this. There’s no, we don’t have a third-party lab result showing us what’s in this food. I’ve tested enough food myself to know most things have high levels of toxins. Nikhil Kamath So you’re saying the business would be to put out a food stack that is highly tested? Exactly. Bryan Johnson Because what you want, basically, health to be automated. Like, if I eat this, I want to know what I’m putting in my body. Like, what is the Dye score? Is it actually going to, is it improving my health or is it making my health worse? Actually, you can quantify that to some degree. Like, smoking a cigarette, so here’s a kind of like, in this air quality here in Mumbai, it’s equal to smoking over 10 cigarettes a day if you’re out every day. Like, the entire city is smoking 10 plus cigarettes a day breathing this air. That’s a very clear die score. There’s no virtue in cigarettes. There’s no one living longer because they’re smoking.

The “Don’t Die” Philosophy - “Don’t die” is proposed as a unifying principle for humanity and AI alignment, emphasizing survival as a shared goal. - This framework transcends individual beliefs and provides a common ground for navigating complex challenges. Transcript: Bryan Johnson It’s so it’s both a negative statement and a positive statement, right? So a negative statement is that if the U.S. So whoever acquires superintelligence, they’re probably not going to be, you know, they’re probably going to use it according to current laws of society, which is ruthless brutality Of power acquisition, Right? Like, that’s what humans do. And so there’s rules on what, and so we do this because we value security and power and status. That’s what we all do individually, so we do collectively. So whoever acquires this technology is going to play by the rules of society to acquire those endpoints. So when you acquire this power, if you apply the same human rules, what I’m saying is you have a possibility that leads you to a destruction of the species. So either AI could go wrong or humans could use it for the wrong purposes. And so what I’m saying is like when it’s just humans playing the game and death is inevitable, like should I go to war, kill each other, create kingdoms, have someone else take place in That kingdom, like do your thing? When you’re giving birth to superintelligence and the map is changing for the species, you have to ask, is there any existing system that humans have that answered this equation? So let me give you another example. So imagine you’re hanging out with Homo erectus a million years ago. They have an ax in their hand, that’s their tool of choice, to give you an idea of how either primitive or advanced they were. And you say, Homo erectus, tell me about the future of intelligence. Like, what are humans going to be like? Now, Homo erectus at that point may say, we’re going to do more hunting. We’re going to do more gathering. We’re going to travel to different parts of the world. But they can’t tell you about the microscopic world of atoms or molecules. They can’t tell you about the electromagnetic spectra, which you can’t see. They can’t tell you about radios. They can’t tell you about antibiotics, a pill you hold in your hand to swallow. They have no models in their mind that inform them on any part of our reality. So the only thing a homoeractors could say that would be intelligent is, I don’t know. I have no models to state this. Now, when we’re giving birth to superintelligence, the question is, are we equal to Homo erectus? Are we basically as primitive relative to AI as Homo erectus is to our current state? And so the question for us is, do we know anything? Which takes us back to our first question, our second question, and third question. This entire conversation is a juxtaposition of what we think we know, what we actually know, and trying to find the right balance between, do we dare even express an opinion? And so don’t die is basically saying, we have no idea what the future is offering. We have no idea what’s coming our way. The only thing we know, the only thing we can say with confidence is none of us want to die right now. That’s it. We can’t say anything intelligent beyond that statement. Everything

Distinguishing From Peers - Even with advanced AI and personalized chips optimizing our lives, humans will still seek to differentiate themselves. - This inherent need to distinguish oneself from peers will likely lead people to make choices that go against the algorithm’s recommendations. - The desire for individuality will outweigh the pursuit of optimized outcomes. Transcript: Nikhil Kamath Because if there is AGI and there is a chip which thinks better and not just executes for us better or helps us, but things for all of us. Things for you specifically, let’s say. It will soon get democratized and we all will have the same chip. We’ll again go back to the innate cardinal need for a man to distinguish himself from the peer. So you would do what is against the algorithm to find your identity versus following the algorithm. But I think where

A Year of Transformation - At 34, after a liquidity event, Johnson had several life-altering experiences, including a divorce and leaving his religion. - He also discovered a love for dance, a passion he pursued actively. Transcript: Bryan Johnson I’d wear a mask and hide my attention. Nikhil Kamath I’d hide behind a mask. What happened after 34? After money? So then… How did you stumble upon health as a thing or longevity or not die? Yeah. Bryan Johnson So one, I had started this process when I was depressed. Like, how do you solve a really complicated problem of depression? Nikhil Kamath Sorry, I digress. But before we go there, you’re 34, you made $300 million. Which city are you in? Bryan Johnson That was Chicago. Nikhil Kamath Chicago. You’re living in a nice apartment. You get divorced. What is the first thing you do? Bryan Johnson Yeah, I moved to New York. Okay. And I learned that I love to dance. Dance? I’ve never danced in my entire life. Okay. I find out one night, I love it. And how did you find out? I was at a club with friends. Like we were at a business conference. And they’re like, hey, do you want to go to the club? I’m like, what does that mean? I’ve never been to a club before. Nikhil Kamath You had never been to a club at 34? No. I get up until 19 because you were Mormon, but between the ages of 20 and 34? No. A bar? No. A restaurant? Yes. Bryan Johnson Yes. Yes. Nikhil Kamath Why didn’t you go to a bar? Bryan Johnson In Mormon culture, you don’t drink. Nikhil Kamath But you had left being Mormon, right? Bryan Johnson Only at 34. I mean, I left before, but I was still in the family structure. But we just didn’t hang out at bars. It’s not something we did. Or clubs. Nikhil Kamath Okay, so you moved to New York. Went to a nightclub. Loved dance. Bryan Johnson It was actually in Morocco. I was at this business conference. They were like, hey, we should go to this club. And it was actually, it happened when I was trying to decide whether to get a divorce. And I had a drink or two. I’d never really had alcohol, and so I felt a little buzzed. Did you like? I liked it. It was fun, yeah. It was cool. Speaker 7 Yeah, it was nice. Bryan Johnson And I just had this feeling that washed over me that it was that my kids will be better off if we were divorced than if I stayed in the marriage. Because the only reason I stayed in the marriage was for my kids. And I had this idea of like a divorced household is damaging to kids and it’s better to stay together. So I was like, can I stick this out? The kids get old enough and they move away. And just like this never ending complicated question. And I had this realization that like they’re better off if we do this.

The Algorithm Test - Consider whether you would follow a health algorithm’s every instruction for optimal well-being. - This thought experiment explores the balance between autonomy and optimized health. Transcript: Bryan Johnson And number two is try to keep your answers short and snappy. Sure. Because you will learn based upon other people’s reactions to this. Okay, the first question for you is if you had access to an algorithm that could give you the best physical and mental and spiritual health of your life, but in exchange for the access, You did what the algorithm said. You went to bed when it said, you exercised the way it prescribed. You ate what it said. Would you say yes or would you say no? Speaker 7 Yes. Bryan Johnson Yes, yes, yes? No. Okay. Okay. Nikhil Kamath What if the algorithm told me to sleep at 8 p.m. Every day and then wake up at 12 p.m.? I wouldn’t do it. It comes in the way of my life. Yeah. Nithin Kamath So maybe one, no, three yeses. Okay. Bryan Johnson So no. Okay. Yes. Why? Yes. Jitendra Chouksey I think it’s fun. You know, if there’s a cheat sheet that can give you perpetual life, I think why not? Okay. Bryan Johnson Yes. Why? Prashanth Prakash Yes, because I think, I believe that, you know, when you have a lot of data, computationally, I think algorithms make better decisions than what you can mentally process. Nithin Kamath Okay. Yes, why? No, I mean, I generally like having, like, set of rules to follow. And if an algorithm is going to give me rules to follow, I just follow that. What’s the carrot? Nikhil Kamath You live for perpetuity? Nithin Kamath No, he’s going to talk about the algorithm. Jitendra Chouksey We are on the verge of figuring out algorithm, or maybe in future we’ll figure out. Bryan Johnson No, there’s no carrot. There’s no perpetuity. There’s no carrot. No, no challenge. The thought experiment gives you no promise. The only thing that you know about this is you say, this is my best physical, mental, spiritual health. Outside of that, you don’t know what you’re doing. You don’t know what it’s saying. You don’t know anything about the best.

Food Stack Business - Consider starting a business focused on tested and transparent food stacks with clear nutritional information. - Johnson identifies this as a neglected area with potential for automation and improved consumer trust. Transcript: Nikhil Kamath You give us one more? Like a business a 25-year should start? Because everybody’s looking at this, watching, Brian, what business do we start in health? Bryan Johnson There’s so many people building in AI and health right now. So that’s a very saturated market. There’s just tons of high-quality energy going into that. Like, food is like the most basic boring business that no one built. And that’s why it was a problem that needed to be solved. We did that with supplements and food. You know, like biotech is a different thing. You have to raise a ton of money of these very long cycles. That’s very hard.

Alcohol’s Cellular Impact - Alcohol, even in small amounts, can be harmful at a cellular level due to the presence of formaldehyde. - Formaldehyde can damage DNA and disrupt cell division, potentially leading to uncontrolled cell growth. - This damage can occur in various cells, including blood cells and liver cells. - Cancer genes are present in everyone, but carcinogens like formaldehyde can trigger uncontrolled cell division, increasing cancer risk. Transcript: Prashanth Prakash With alcohol. It’s like, maybe once a month. Jitendra Chouksey See, we are talking cellular level. There are things that affect you at a cellular level and there are things that don’t mess with you at a cellular level. Alcohol has formaldehyde. Formaldehyde has the potential to damage your DNA. So at a cellular level, it is damaging. Now, just in case, I mean, case in point, so we talk about cancer, right? Everybody has cancer genes. But how do cancers spread? Basically, your cells start dividing uncontrollably. When the genetic code that controls the growth of cell, cell division, mitosis, that code is either damaged, right? Or let’s say over a period of time, the cells are like, we don’t want to follow this, we want to follow something. So mutation. And this happens when you have carcinogens that have the potential to disrupt your DNA. Alcohol, any amount of alcohol will have formaldehyde, right? And the minute it enters your system, it does not even need to go through each and every cell of your body. Even in your blood, you have blood cells. You have, you know, white cells. You have red cells. You have so many cells. It can start messing around with cell division of any of these cells. Then you have liver, right? So many places where it can attack these cells. Nithin Kamath I I was listening on a podcast, Dave Asprey, and he was talking about kawa.

Clean Air Business - Air purifiers and improved exhaust fans are suggested as potential business opportunities due to worsening air quality. - Focus on creating home environments that mitigate external pollution. Transcript: Nikhil Kamath Actually surprised that the air quality affected him that much. Cognisant to how different things affect different people. But could you think it’ll be that bad? Nithin Kamath I mean… It’s possible. It is possible. As in… 120? I mean, the way he reacted to 120 was strange because he probably stays in a place where it’s less than 10. California. Yeah. Prashanth Prakash But Nitin, 100, right? I mean, I’m just being objective and this could happen in Bangalore. I’m not saying because it’s Bangalore, Mumbai, whatever. Right? 100. Living at 100 for long periods of time is not good. I mean, we… So, as cities, we have to do something in our country. Yeah. Nithin Kamath I mean, we have made a choice, conscious choice of staying outside. I mean, not really outside of Bangalore, but little outskirts. Just because the air quality there is sub-20 all the time. Nikhil Kamath You’re talking to real estate king. What happens to real estate in the intro of Bangalore? If everybody starts thinking like that. Prashanth Prakash No, but I think it’s a problem on multiple dimensions, right? I don’t think it’s about vehicular traffic, right? There’s construction, right? All our cities are going through tremendous construction. And I don’t know if this is a five-year, 10-year. What a year, I don’t know. Pune also. Maybe you have a better sense, but they’re saying Mumbai before construction and Mumbai after construction, one thing that has changed is the AQI quality. Jitendra Chouksey See, it’s not just a problem pertaining to Mumbai, because practically, if I were to move from Pune to Delhi, I would feel sick, because the difference in air quality is substantial. So your body takes a few days to acclimatize and just adjust to that environment. So if suddenly you are moving from, let’s say, a sub-30 AQI to, let’s say, 140, it would have a drastic effect. So you would feel that sudden itching. Nikhil Kamath I was surprised that because we also live here. Jitendra Chouksey Yeah, but we have our bodies have acclimatized, you know, our bodies have adjusted, compromising multiple secondary functions. So you have primary functions, you have secondary functions. So at any point of time, your body will prioritize survival. So, you know, we are basically compromising when we are living here. The body has compromised to an extent where it does not feel like we are facing any issues. But in reality, we are. Prashanth Prakash Should we all move? No, but there’s one, you know, thing, thought that occurred to me just now, right? There are so many people who travel from the US for the first time. And Brian is not the first, of course, the person who came here for the first time, right? I’ve not seen them react the same way. Nithin Kamath No, that’s probably so measured. He’s measuring everything. Prashanth Prakash No, but it looked like he was feeling it. Do those people feel it and they don’t tell us about it? Yeah. I don’t know. Nikhil Kamath But they do fall sick, no? They do. They do. They do. Jitendra Chouksey Most of the times, they come here, they get influenza and other vaccines, and then they come to the country. They call it allergy. Yeah. Nithin Kamath But the strange thing is, in India, we pay more for real estate wherever the AQI is the most. Delhi is the most prime real estate in the country and the worst air quality. Here in Bombay, you know, probably prime real estate. And Bombay, 120, 130, next to the sea, is actually, if this next to the sea, you probably go interior somewhere. You probably are having a much worse. Nikhil Kamath Next to the sea with a lot of plants and four air purifiers. Yeah. Yes. Jitendra Chouksey But I think next five to ten years, most of the cities in India, well, as per WHO, would be, you know, uninhabitable when it comes to AQI and water quality. Like, sure, you can purify your waters, but at the same time, if your natural reservoirs are not safe to drink from, that basically will result in loss of flora and fauna. Because, you know, we humans have the luxury to drink from purifiers,

Actionable Diagnostics with AI - The real value isn’t just in diagnostics, but in making those diagnostics actionable, which is where AI can help. - The level of expertise needed to interpret health data is rare, so AI can make this process practical and scalable. - AI tools can track changes longitudinally, correlate actions with changes in health metrics, and help determine remeasurement frequency. Transcript: Prashanth Prakash So it’s not the diagnostics that is the idea. I think it’s being able to make those diagnostics actionable. And that’s where AI can actually help. Because otherwise, the type of expertise required to really make sense of all this data is something that very few people can get to that level of expertise and training. And it just won’t be practical and scalable. So this is a huge opportunity, very early days. And there’s a final dimension on this, which is also what JC is using, which is longitudinally kind of tracking somebody and seeing what is changing. So maybe that’s one more of your longevity things there. But it’s not about the one time, right? It’s about then what the coach tells you, what this health manager tells you. And then can you remeasure? And how often do you do that remeasurement? Right? Is it monthly? Is it quarterly? But at some cadence, you need to be able to do that. And again, an AI tool is needed to say, what is really changing? And is there a correlation between what you did and what changed? So it’s an open white space. Nikhil Kamath Can you tell us the business model of Biopeak and what you’re doing differently? Why should I come to you and not go to ThyroCare? Also the money, how much will you charge a client? How much does it cost you for the equipment? Prashanth Prakash So first of all, why do you go to ThyroCare? Because some doctor told you there is a… I mean, first of all, why did you go to a doctor?

Longevity Startups as Members Clubs - BioPeak offers a comprehensive health assessment and intervention service, initially priced at 80-90,000 INR. - They plan to introduce a “family health office” membership model, providing personalized health management. - This model includes dedicated health managers who manage nutrition, exercise, and sleep optimization. - It addresses the trend of longevity startups becoming exclusive members’ clubs for wealthy individuals seeking personalized health solutions. Transcript: Nikhil Kamath You’re like a rich person product. I’ve read about these longevity startups which are becoming like members club for rich people. Prashanth Prakash Yeah, so that’s the second product that we will have, which is the community, the club, equivalent to a family health office. Just like you have a wealth manager, you have a health manager who’s dedicated to you, who’s clinically competent. So it’s not just, you know, one dimensional in what, so the person could, should be able to, you know, be able to manage your nutritional biochemistry, should be able to manage your exercise Optimally, your sleep optimally.

Indian Medical Datasets - Young entrepreneurs can build a business by creating trainable medical datasets, partnering with hospitals and wearable companies. - This addresses a significant need for Indian-specific health data. Transcript: Nikhil Kamath How do they go about it? How does a young person build a business out of this? Jitendra Chouksey So AI needs to train on data, right? And we ran into this problem when we were trying to figure out, you know, blood pressure. So, for example, any smart variable, right? They use regression as a tool to estimate any of these parameters. They don’t directly predict these parameters because they’re non-invasive, right? So for regression, you need to have a very large data set. And unfortunately, in India, you don’t have data sets. So all the data sets that you have are US-based data sets. And so today, there’s a huge… We have the data sets. It’s unorganized. You have the pharma companies. You have hospitals. But nobody has done the job of pulling medical data and put it into a trainable data set. But why would a hospital share that data? It’s important. If India has to ever build anything that it can truly call its own, like if India needs to become a pioneer in AI, it will need to have the data sets. Today we are talking about blood pressure estimation or let’s say your HRV estimation. Tomorrow it could be detection of let’s say tuberculosis or something else. All this data is available in hospitals, but it’s not digital, it’s not trainable. So if somebody says, hey, I’m going to build the largest data set in India for medical data so that future AIs can be trained on. Nithin Kamath Essentially what the government is trying to do, right? Which is to digitize the medical records. Prashanth Prakash Yeah, but they don’t have the right, you know, it’s a data engineering problem. Yeah, yeah. So you’ll have all the data. But, you know, how do you kind of bring it together? You need trainable data. Make it usable, I think is not something that the government does today.

Predictive Health Markers - Markers like 2-hydroxybutyrate can predict future health issues like pre-diabetes by indicating insulin resistance. - This allows for proactive interventions by coaches or health managers, focusing on nutrition, exercise, and sleep to address the dysfunction. - These insights are crucial for personalized health management, as they reveal potential issues before they manifest clinically. Transcript: Prashanth Prakash But what if you are building insulin resistance right now, right? So there is a marker, right? Let’s say there’s a marker called, I think, 2-hydroxybutyrate. Now, if you look at the levels of that marker, it will tell you that not maybe this year, next year, you will be in a pre-diabetic state. So if I can tell you that if this is a marker that I can now indicate to a coach or a health manager and say, you know what, I know that he is on the path to building insulin resistance, and this Will then lead to pre-diabetic or diabetic state, for him to be in that state. Can we look at what is the specific set of interventions from his nutrition, his exercise, his sleep, whatever is causing that dysfunction. And there are ways in which you can metabolically look at why is that insulin resistance kind of, it could be deprivation of sleep, it could be many things. Proactive and precise with these markers is what we want to see. Now, on whether you’re in what

Kava Drink - Nithin Kamath heard on a Dave Asprey podcast about kava, a drink made from plant roots. - People are using it to get slightly intoxicated. - It’s gaining popularity in the US. - Even coffee is considered intoxicating. - Nikhil Kamath is curious about others’ views on health influencers like Brian Johnson, transitioning the conversation. Transcript: Nithin Kamath I was listening on a podcast, Dave Asprey, and he was talking about kawa. You know about kawa? Prashanth Prakash Yeah. Nithin Kamath It’s a… Sorry, what? Kawa. Kawa. Apparently… K-A K-A K-A kawa. So, it’s a type of drink, which is made from the roots of a… some kind of vegetable or fruit or whatever. And people are drinking it to get slightly intoxicated. And it’s becoming popular in the US, apparently. So yeah, so kava drink. Even coffee is intoxicating. Speaker 7 Dave Asprey, do you have… Caffeine. Prashanth Prakash Yeah, Dave Asprey, I have my own… I don’t know. I share the same thing. We share the same thing on… So who is good? I know your views on Brian. Nikhil Kamath Let’s go to the next one.

Comprehensive Health Course - A comprehensive course covering biochemistry, physiology, and clinical nutrition is needed to improve health literacy. - This education would empower individuals to make informed health choices. Transcript: Nikhil Kamath But biochemistry, physiology. We should talk about it. I think we can help. Maybe we can do it together. Sure. Certainly. Do you want to finish your thought on cancer detection? You were saying something.

Curated Doctor Ranking System - Create a curated marketplace ranking system for doctors. - The system should allow users to easily find top doctors in various percentiles, addressing the difficulty in finding specialists like oncologists. - Consider success rates as a ranking factor. - To ensure quality, involve a separate quality control agency that observes surgeries and provides independent assessments. Transcript: Nikhil Kamath No, what I mean is if she got detected for cancer and seems one to wants to find out which doctors fall in the top 5 percentile, top 20 percentile. But the thing is, will you be able to guide the person? Prashanth Prakash No, but how do you guide them? Because you have built those, Because as Biopeak, you have the relationships with them, with those doctors. Nithin Kamath But that is only… You’re going to only solve for a small subset of people. Nikhil Kamath I feel like every doctor should be solved for by virtue of maybe the success rate of… Then it becomes like Zomato and Swiggy, the restaurant rating or that. Nithin Kamath It gets kicked. Yeah, it’s good games. Seema Kamath Because anyone… Also with doctor, right, it’s very different. I might have a wonderful experience with someone, but then someone else might not have that kind of… But that will net off, right? Nikhil Kamath Like after 100 people, if 70 have had… Typically you have… Good experience with this doctor. Yeah, that’s true. So a business around a non-schemable way of ranking doctors? Prashanth Prakash Ranking doctors and getting access to networks that are highly credible. Nithin Kamath But Praktu was supposed to be that, right? Who? Praktu. Prashanth Prakash Yeah, but they, again, like I said, you know, you need to be really curated. And it’s not something that can be… I don’t think Praktro is curated. Jitendra Chouksey More of a listing platform. But then you have the ratings there, right? Prashanth Prakash Yeah, but I think… Non-schemable. Yeah, it’s non-schemable. Jitendra Chouksey Like, who’s vouching for the quality? There has to be a system that says, you know, if somebody has given you a bad rating, that stays.

IP and Distribution in Medical Devices - In the medical device industry, true hardware IP protection is difficult due to the concentration of electronics manufacturing in a few countries. - Software, algorithms, design, and function offer more IP opportunities. - However, even these are not fully secure, as minor changes can create loopholes, and legal challenges can be lengthy. - First-to-market advantage and distribution are crucial for success in today’s market. - UltraHuman is a good example, strategically targeting markets where Aura, their competitor, didn’t exist. Transcript: Nithin Kamath Compared to just importing stuff. If an Indian can come up with an IP that he can call his own. Yes. Jitendra Chouksey Nikhil, but see, even if you make any high-end manufacturing, take any high-end device, 90% of all electronics is China, Taiwan, and South Korea. So you cannot truly control the IP from a hardware point of view. But there’s a lot of IP involved in the not hardware side of things. For example, you can patent on the design. All right? You can patent in the algorithms. You can patent in the function. So there’s a lot of IP-able things that you can do. But to the point where, you know, nowadays, anybody can challenge any IP. And all you have to do is, like, just make small differentiation. And then it’ll take years for somebody to prove that it’s the same thing. So, you know, even IP is not entirely protectable. So I think in today’s market, the thing is, first to market, distribution. That’s pretty much it. So. Prashanth Prakash And you can also look at distribution, I mean, again, just to look at ultra human, right? They went to every country where Aura is not there first and said, can we solve for… No, UltraHuman has done a killer job. Nithin Kamath Yeah. Prashanth Prakash So I’m saying, why can’t we have 10 such companies come up? You know, people will learn from the old playbooks, will build on those playbooks. And like I said, in science and engineering, I think we are getting better. You know, I think UltraHuman also made at least a few at a software level, I think.

CGM Use - While Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs) are helpful for diabetics, there’s limited data supporting their benefit for non-diabetics. - Jitendra Chouksey suggests that CGMs may primarily increase anxiety around food and blood glucose spikes, which are normal. - He argues that general healthy eating habits, such as eating earlier, fewer meals, and within calorie limits, often provide similar benefits without overcomplicating things. Transcript: Nithin Kamath Makes no sense to have a rear charger for a rear seat. We added a C-type. Prashanth Prakash Yeah. I mean, that’s why I stopped wearing it. What about CGM? CGM, again, I’m not a huge fan of CGM. Jitendra Chouksey It’s great for diabetics, but in non-diabetics, there’s no data that suggests it helps non-diabetics. I mean, apart from making people feel scared of every single food on the planet that spikes their blood glucose. And you know that blood glucose spikes are completely fine. There’s no problem with blood glucose spikes. They need to come down in a reasonable way. Yeah, exactly. Prashanth Prakash But for somebody who is probably, you know, in some stages of pre-diabetes, right, and wants to really optimize the type of food they eat, and optimize maybe also the eating windows And kind of go through that phase of seeing what works for them. I think, in my opinion, it has value. Jitendra Chouksey There’s a level of personalization that the devices can offer. But I think today that level of personalization is not like a hidden treasure, I would say. Everybody would agree, hey, eat a little bit earlier than your back time. Eat fewer meals than you would. Like, don’t harp on six or seven meals. Then eat within your calorie intake. If you want to figure out that basis of CGM device, sure. But I’d say that you’re kind of overcomplicating

Supplement Selection - When choosing longevity supplements, prioritize those with strong scientific backing and measure their impact on your biomarkers. - Be wary of supplements with limited research or undisclosed ingredients. Transcript: Jitendra Chouksey Unfortunately, yes. It’s going to be a huge business because there’s a lot of tickers. What should one do? I get Brian’s logic. It made sense. Prashanth Prakash What’s less we should do? Again, I’m going back to, you know, JC will agree that you have to measure. Nikhil Kamath But without measuring, what would you recommend? Prashanth Prakash Vitamin D. No, no, no. Vitamin D? Based on the generic data set of Indian… Yeah, based on generic, I think most of us have this vitamin D plus K2 deficiency, right? I mean, that combination, you can’t go wrong at a broad level. Omega 3? Omega 3 also for most of us. Magnesium? But again, Omega 3, I feel you should measure. I think at some point we need to be able to really measure and say, what is good? I mean, how many units of Omega-C? I have two capsules. So I don’t know. Why is two good enough? Right? Maybe it should be one, maybe it should be five. So I think… Five is too much, one is too little. So we are all estimating and we are taking some broad… But magnesium seems to be something that’s… Everybody agrees on magnesium. Yeah. I mean it does help most of… Because the number of… I was talking about… Give us the fancy stuff, Prashant. Nikhil Kamath I know you take some fancy stuff. Prashanth Prakash See, I think I found that there’s enough data on lutein and zeaxanthin for your eyes. What? Lutein and zeaxanthin. We just don’t get enough of it in our diets. It’s for your eyes. For your eyes. And once you’re in the 40s and 50s… And you take it every day. Take it every day. And there is enough, I mean, research data on these specific ones, unlike NMN and some of these other things we discussed. Nikhil Kamath NMN you take every day? Prashanth Prakash No, I don’t take… NAC you take. I take creatine. You are exercising and again, widely studied, enough data on creatine. And if you are 50 plus, I think it is beneficial. You should do creatine. Right. So I’m telling you things that I know that there is data on, right? I like fresh arms. There is no data on collagen. Nikhil Kamath He says no supplements. Everything you’re saying is good. Jitendra Chouksey No, no, no. I mean, like most of the longevity supplements. These are not longevity supplements. These are, yeah. So NAC… I think there is some data. Nikhil Kamath NAC is precursor to glutathione. Yeah, glutathione. I take glutathione IV maybe once in a month along with vitamins. There’s not enough data. I take something called mega boost. Prashanth Prakash So there is some decent data on astaxanthin. Astra? Astaxanthin, which is for your skin. It’s an antioxidant, but it seems to have the… Enough data. I mean, I would say in a data, oral supplement. Like if creatine and some of these are like 9 on 10, I would say this is like 7 on 10. Do you know the thing with IV? Yeah. It feels like you’re doing something. Nikhil Kamath Popping a tablet doesn’t feel enough. When somebody comes, pokes a hole in you, and there’s a bag, you throw one heart in your watch, drop, drop, drop. You feel like you’ve done something.

Supplements with Data - Prashanth Prakash recommends some supplements that have sufficient scientific data to back their benefits. - Vitamin D + K2 is generally recommended for most people, especially those with deficiencies. - Omega 3 and Magnesium are also good options, but ideally, get tested to determine the right dosage. - For eye health, especially for those over 40, Lutein and Zeaxanthin are recommended. - Creatine is suggested for individuals over 50 who exercise. Transcript: Nikhil Kamath Much, one is too little. Prashanth Prakash So we are all estimating and we are taking some broad… But magnesium seems to be something that’s… Everybody agrees on magnesium. Yeah. I mean it does help most of… Because the number of… I was talking about… Give us the fancy stuff, Prashant. Nikhil Kamath I know you take some fancy stuff. Prashanth Prakash See, I think I found that there’s enough data on lutein and zeaxanthin for your eyes. What? Lutein and zeaxanthin. We just don’t get enough of it in our diets. It’s for your eyes. For your eyes. And once you’re in the 40s and 50s… And you take it every day. Take it every day. And there is enough, I mean, research data on these specific ones, unlike NMN and some of these other things we discussed. Nikhil Kamath NMN you take every day? Prashanth Prakash No, I don’t take… NAC you take. I take creatine. You are exercising and again, widely studied, enough data on creatine. And if you are 50 plus, I think it is beneficial. You should do creatine. Right. So I’m telling you things that I know that there is data on, right? I like fresh arms. There is no data on collagen. Nikhil Kamath He says no supplements.

Prashanth’s Supplement Skepticism - Prashanth Prakash expresses skepticism about certain supplements, specifically ashwagandha and shilajit. - He hasn’t found them personally useful, despite their popularity. - He emphasizes that supplements affect people differently and what works for one might not work for another. Transcript: Prashanth Prakash So the one funny supplement set, nootropics, right? Like ashwagandha. I found zero use for myself, right? Jitendra Chouksey You’re going to get a lot of hate for this, by the way. Prashanth Prakash I know, I know. Let them… I mean… And Shilajit. That’s what I’m saying. And this I go back to saying, where every supplement is not for everyone. Right? It’s not like Ashwagandha… I mean, just because Huberman says Ashwagandha is good, doesn’t mean that everybody… If it works for you… Yeah. Not even Shilajit? No, I don’t take Shilajit. Nikhil Kamath I have people who have

Gut Health: Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Candida - Consider supplementing with prebiotics, especially if your fiber intake is low. - Prebiotics are crucial for gut health and can be as important as probiotics. - Be mindful of candida, a yeast common in the gut, especially in tropical environments. - Excess bloating can be a symptom of candida overgrowth. - Avoid relying solely on antacids for gut issues; address potential candida imbalances. Transcript: Prashanth Prakash I do do some postbiotics, prebiotics, inulin. Nikhil Kamath You were telling me the other day prebiotics are as important as probiotics. Prashanth Prakash Yeah, prebiotics are as important, right? And I think there, it depends on how much fiber you are otherwise consuming. Do you want to supplement some fiber if you just can’t eat that much fiber? But it just depends on your nutritional value. But I think it’s a slightly more complex thing, this prebiotics, postbiotics. But I think it’s something that I would definitely put some effort on. I think here, I’d just like to flag that, and this, I mean, I went through this, because of the tropical environment we are in and all kinds of food that we eat, East in our gut is a very common Thing among Indians. And we all, I mean, how do we fix it? We keep taking antacids and we think that’s the way to solve our gut problem. But actually, you’ve got to, it’s called candida, right? I don’t know if you’ve heard of candida, right? It’s a type of yeast and very, very common in all of us. So the extra bloating that you

Candida and Gut Health - East in the gut, specifically Candida yeast overgrowth, is a common issue, especially among Indians. - It can cause bloating and compromise the gut membrane, potentially leading to further complications. - It’s often misdiagnosed and treated with antacids, which don’t address the root cause. - Seek credible gut microbiome screening to detect Candida overgrowth. - Consult with healthcare professionals for appropriate guidance and treatment strategies. Transcript: Prashanth Prakash I think here, I’d just like to flag that, and this, I mean, I went through this, because of the tropical environment we are in and all kinds of food that we eat, East in our gut is a very common Thing among Indians. And we all, I mean, how do we fix it? We keep taking antacids and we think that’s the way to solve our gut problem. But actually, you’ve got to, it’s called candida, right? I don’t know if you’ve heard of candida, right? It’s a type of yeast and very, very common in all of us. So the extra bloating that you feel, all of it is because of this Candida yeast. And there’s a little bit of that in everybody. But when it overtakes and it also compromises your membrane, your gut membrane, it kind of leads to other complications. But I think I would just not worry about just general gut microbe. Nikhil Kamath So what do you do for this? Candida. Candida. Candida. What do you do for it? Prashanth Prakash You need to go to a good, I mean, there are a few places, I mean, in India that will, of course, at some point, you know, many more places. But getting a credible gut microbiome screening place is also difficult in India. But if you find a good one, then they’ll be able to detect Candida. Nikhil Kamath Also to everyone, full disclosure, we are not asking anybody to take any of what we are eating.

Rapamycin and mTOR - If someone doesn’t work out or eat enough protein, they might benefit from taking rapamycin to affect the mTOR pathway. - However, working out and eating enough protein can also affect the mTOR pathway. - Therefore, if you already work out and eat enough protein, taking rapamycin might not make a difference. Transcript: Jitendra Chouksey So if somebody is not working out and not eating enough amount of protein, they can benefit from taking rapamycin. But if you are working out and you feel taking adequate amount of protein, no difference. Prashanth Prakash So and the AMPK pathway is the one that, you know, is a pathway that gets activated when you fast. Yeah. For certain periods of time. So, that’s the pathway that impacts, you know, clean up and… Fasting is good as a no-brainer, right? Everybody agrees.

Rapamycin and mTOR - If someone isn’t working out and eating enough protein, they might benefit from taking rapamycin. - However, if someone is working out and consuming adequate protein, rapamycin won’t make a difference. - Working out and eating enough protein can affect the mTOR pathway similarly to how rapamycin in oral form affects it in those with different lifestyles. Transcript: Jitendra Chouksey So if somebody is not working out and not eating enough amount of protein, they can benefit from taking rapamycin. But if you are working out and you feel taking adequate amount of protein, no difference. Prashanth Prakash So and the AMPK pathway is the one that, you know, is a pathway that gets activated when you fast. Yeah. For certain periods of time. So, that’s the pathway that impacts, you know, clean up and… Fasting is good as a no-brainer, right? Everybody agrees. So, there, I think there is… I mean, I’m starting to look at not just time-restricted

Testosterone Replacement Therapy - Exogenous testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) can boost vitality but shuts down natural testosterone production. - Consider TRT only if you’re prepared for lifelong treatment. - TRT can improve well-being if it suits you, but be aware of the potential for increased cardiovascular risk. Transcript: Jitendra Chouksey First of all, it shuts down your natural testosterone. Right? So if you are willing to go through testosterone replacement therapy every year, I think if it works for you, sure, it can provide you vitality. It can make you feel great. Prashanth Prakash But what have you seen kind of increase it?